Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Australia. Diagnosing and treating chlamydia is very important to prevent long-term complications and spread of the infection to others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacteria which causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea is usually easily treated but can cause severe reproductive and health problems if left untreated.

Mycoplasma genitalium is a type of bacteria that can infect the human genital and urinary tract. It is considered an STI and can cause conditions such as urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Mycoplasma hominis is a bacteria that naturally colonises the human genital and urinary tracts. However in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who are more susceptible to infections, Mycoplasma hominis can cause infections.

Similar to Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum is also a common inhabitant of the human urogenital tract and can be transmitted through sexual contact, making it a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Ureaplasma parvum is a common inhabitant of the human urogenital tract, meaning it can naturally reside in the urinary tracts of both men and women. Ureaplasma parvum is classified as an STI and can be transmitted through sexual contact.

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that may cause a yellowy green, ‘frothy’ discharge that is often accompanied by an unpleasant odour and vaginal or vulval itching.

Candida albicans in the urinary tract can cause symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, pain or burning during urination, and cloudy urine. In more severe cases, it can lead to kidney infections or bloodstream infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.

While Candida species are commonly found as part of the normal microbial flora in the genitourinary tract, they can cause infections under certain circumstances.

Enterobacter complex are opportunistic pathogens that may be responsible for a wide variety of infections, and are present in the environment (in soil and sewage) and in the gut flora of humans.

Enterococci have become an increasingly common cause of urinary tract infection, though its ability to cause infection is not considered high.

E. coli in the urine can be significant and may indicate a UTI. E. coli is a bacteria commonly found in the intestines and is one of the most common causes of UTIs.

Serratia marcescens is a naturally occurring bacterium that can be found in the environment. However, in some individuals, it can overgrow in the intestines, causing symptoms.